Lonesome George Was the Last Pinta Island Tortoise

The last known member of the Pinta Island tortoise subspecies (Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii) died on June 24, 2012. Known as Lonesome George by his keepers  at the Charles Darwin Research Station on the Galà ¡pagos Island of Santa Cruz, this giant tortoise was estimated to be 100 years old. Weighing 200 pounds and measuring 5 feet in length, George was a healthy representative of his kind, but repeated attempts to breed him with biologically similar female tortoises proved unsuccessful. Scientists at the research station plan to save tissue samples and DNA from Georges body in hopes of reproducing his genetic material in the future. For now, though, Lonesome George will be preserved via taxidermy to be displayed at the Galà ¡pagos National Park. The now-extinct Pinta Island tortoise resembled  other members of the Galapagos giant tortoise species (Chelonoidis nigra), which is the largest living species of tortoise and one of the heaviest living reptiles in the world.   Characteristics of the Pinta Island Tortoise Appearance:  Like others of its subspecies, the Pinta Island tortoise has a dark brownish-gray saddleback-shaped shell with  large, bony plates on its upper portion and thick, stumpy limbs covered in scaly skin. The Pinta Island has a long neck and toothless mouth shaped much like a beak, suitable for its vegetarian diet. Size:  Individuals of this  subspecies were known to reach 400 pounds, 6 feet in length, and 5 feet in height (with necks fully extended).   Habitat:  Like other saddleback tortoises, the Pinta Island subspecies primarily inhabited arid lowlands but likely made seasonal migrations to more moist areas at higher elevations. Its primary habitat though would be that of the Ecuadorian Pinta Island from which it gets its name.   Diet:  The Pinta Island tortoises diet consisted of vegetation, including grasses, leaves, cacti, lichens, and berries. It could go for long periods without drinking water (up to 18 months) and is thought to have stored water in its bladder and pericardium. Reproduction:  Galà ¡pagos giant tortoises reach sexual maturity between 20 and 25 years of age. During the height of mating season between February and June of each year, females travel to sandy coastlines where they dig nest holes for their eggs (saddlebacks like Pinta tortoises typically dig 4 to 5 nests a year with an average of 6 eggs each). The females retain sperm from a single copulation to fertilize all of her eggs. Depending upon temperature, incubation can span anywhere from 3 to 8 months. Like other reptiles (notably crocodiles), nest temperatures determine the sex of hatchlings (warmer nests result in more females). Hatching and emergency occur between December and April. Lifespan/;  Like other subspecies of  Galà ¡pagos giant tortoises, the Pinta Island tortoise can live up to 150 years in the wild. The oldest known tortoise was Harriet, who was approximately 175 years old when she died at an Australia Zoo in 2006. Geographic Range/;  The Pinta Island tortoise was indigenous to Ecuadors Pinta Island. All subspecies of the Galà ¡pagos giant tortoise are found only in the Galà ¡pagos Archipelago. According to a study released by Cell Press entitled Lonesome George is not alone among Galapagos tortoises, there may still be a Pinta Island turtle living among a similar subspecies on the neighboring island of Isabela.   Causes of Population Decline and Extinction of Pinta Island Tortoises   During the 19th century, whalers  and fishermen killed Pinta Island tortoises for food, driving the subspecies to the brink of extinction by the mid-1900s. After exhausting the tortoise population, seasonal seafarers introduced goats to Pinta in 1959 to ensure they would have a food source upon landing. The goat population grew to more than 40,000 during the 1960s and 1970s, decimating the islands vegetation, which was the remaining tortoises food. Pinta tortoises were originally considered extinct during this time until visitors spotted Lonesome George in 1971. George was taken into captivity the following year. Following his death in 2012, the Pinta Island tortoise is now considered to be extinct (other subspecies of Galà ¡pagos tortoise are listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN). Conservation Efforts Starting in the 1970s, varied techniques were employed to eradicate Pinta Islands goat population in order to discover the most effective method for later use on larger Galà ¡pagos islands. After almost 30 years of only moderately successful extermination attempts, an intensive program of radio-collaring and aerial hunting aided by GPS and GIS technology resulted in complete eradication of goats from Pinta. Monitoring projects have since shown that Pintas native vegetation has recovered in the absence of goats, but the vegetation requires grazing to keep the ecosystem properly balanced, so the Galà ¡pagos Conservancy launched Project Pinta, a multi-phase effort to introduce tortoises from other islands to Pinta. How You Can Help Other Giant Tortoises   Donate to the Lonesome George Memorial Fund, established by the Galà ¡pagos Conservancy to fund large-scale tortoise restoration programs in Galà ¡pagos over the next 10 years. There are also a variety of  resources for  volunteering to help endangered species  available online.

The Demise And Destruction Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein

Frankenstein’s story is one of arrogance, sorrow, and a series of avoidable but unfortunate events. Victor Frankenstein’s drive for admiration and glory from his peers proves to be the cause, and drive, of his self-centered goals. When contemplating the need of nature vs. nurture the story of Frankenstein shows that both are needed although in this story the demise and destruction that occurs in the story is inevitable despite either nature or nurture. Victor describes his early life as picturesque, he has a close and loving family that supports not only him but also cares for other people. He is raised in a completely nurturing environment. One would conclude that he is raised in an ideal situation, his parents are wealthy and caring,†¦show more content†¦When his creation is complete and the creature comes to life Victor immediately realizes his mistake and abandons his creation. Victor not only abandons the creature but he goes into a state of isolation an d self-pity. The abandonment of the creature is the opposite of the environment in which Victor was raised; this contradicts the assumption that a nurturing childhood will produce an equally loving and empathetic adult. When Victor receives the letter that his younger brother William had been murdered the question of who is the true monster becomes to be blurred. He knows in his gut that the monster he created was responsible for the murder but does not bother to say anything when a close family friend, Justine, is accused of the crime. There is no more blatant lack of empathy than letting a person you know is innocent die for a crime in which you are responsible. Also, to add fuel to the fire of Victor’s character, he actually thinks that he has it worse than Justine because she doesn’t have to live with his guilt, a disgusting act of arrogance and self-centered mindset. Since the creature was abandoned by Victor he had no one to guide him in what is right and wr ong or even daily takes such as communicating with people. Imagine going through life without the help received from a parental figure; well this is what the creature experienced. Scared and alone the creature tries to

Work Motivation Organizational In Behavior -Myassignmnethelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Work Motivation Organizational In Behavior? Answer: Introducation The study of Organizational Behaviour is extremely intriguing. The concept is actually concerned with the idea of individuals who work in teams. It can be said that they work together. The study helps to explain how a person is expected to behave in a suitable organisation. It is unlikely that two individuals will work in the same way even in an identical situation. Human behaviour can be successfully determined by several aspects. These factors are the value system, emotional intelligence, organisational culture, the environment of working, the design of job among others. An organisational culture which is appropriate is helpful in the modification of individual behaviour. There are different scopes of organisational behaviour which are the impact of personality on performance, the motivation of employees, leadership qualities and the creation of effective teams and groups. The organisations of the present world need to be growth oriented and this can be ensured with respect to the quantity of the product to be produced with zero error quality. The absenteeism of the employees and their low productivity needs to be mended at all costs. It is crucial that the employees operate in a congenial atmosphere and attain the desired goals. The people who work for any organisation are most important and need to be managed well. The organisations need to identify the needs of the individuals and take the necessary steps for the fulfilment of tasks in order to enable them to perform effectively. The connection between all the employees be it in high or low positions need to be understood and established. This is to be done on the basis of the complete understanding and faith based on the mutual amount of trust for proper communication. There are two different structures of organisations. In case of formal organisations there are a structured set of objectives for the organisation. It is also important to contribute towards the fulfilment of organisational objectives. The stakeholder interest, the proper way of communication, social groups and the government companies need to be considered at any cost. Management of technology is also a crucial occupation of any management and it is significant element of any unit. The selection, installation and procurement of any technology is important and these factors should not be compromised at any cost. The several systems and sub systems should support any sort of technology. The suitable management of the procedures of any job is also important for the high morale of the workforce. The person needs to be involved in the work and lead the people working under him by example. An effective organisational structure needs to be built so that the employees might understand that they are important and might enjoy a common cultural bond. At the time when employees are given their entitlements completely they are happy and can even prepare for better and higher positions. At the time of day to day operations, transparency needs to be maintained and suitable degree of value system. They should also display behavioural ethics in order to reap benefi cial results in the times to come. The management of external environment is also important in managing the employee behaviour in any organisation. There are several changes which occur in the external environment in case of any organisation. Therefore the managers need to maintain the balance between the internal and external environment of an organisation (Truss et al 2013). The managerial standards are a significant factor in the motivation or the de-motivation of employees according to suitable studies. The managerial standards should be maintained in connection to the job standards as mentioned in the survey. The background of employees should clearly be stated and should be available to the managers. In a similar way the managers history and background should be also made aware to the employees. The managerial standards can be a vital reason for the motivation or de-motivation of employees. The motivation in a persons job is an important factor apart from the normal monetary motivation. Motivation in a job can be financial, opportunity for involvement in the projects of the company and the chance of building a career leading to the management and direct involvement of tasks. In case there is ample motivation the employees can become more and more productive. However a lack of motivational factors might leave employees thinking of better options and chances of them leaving the organisation increases (Yozgat, Yurtkoru and Bilgino?lu 2013). Employee evaluations are also an important way in which the employee motivations can be assured. In case of the employee evaluations, proper input is given on the performance of the employees and thereby they also get an opportunity of pointing out or clarifying whatever they have learnt throughout their experience at work (Van De Voorde, Paauwe and Van Veldhoven 2012). There are several factors which affect the productivity of work. It is important to look into these factors as productivity of the employee is determinant of the success of any organisation. The factors such as the setting of goals, the resources, leadership and the correct attitude are essential for the proper amount of productivity at the workplace (Carter et al. 2013). The positive attitude of an employee is bound to lead to a greater amount of satisfaction with his or her job and any sort of negativity is bound to inhibit any sort of positivity. A persons attitude at the workplace is infectious and can both positively as well as negatively impact the workplace (Schreurs et al 2012). The setting of goals also impacts the workplace productivity. The criteria which positively impact the productivity of an organisation are specific, measurable action oriented, realistic and time bound goals. The regular productivity is bound to increase when the setting of goals is a regular part of the business proceedings of an particular company (Kitchin 2017). Insufficient resources have a chance of having an impact on the attitude of the employees as also their productivity. The performance goals should also be realistic and the employees should be given sufficient scope to understand and learn from their job in order to implement the practices in the future. The professional help that can be provided by the company should also be made available to the employees so that they can perform to the best of their ability (Mullins and Christy 2013). Leadership is another indispensable factor which impacts the overall performance of the employees of an organisation. The supervisors should provide proper guidance to the employees instead of blaming them for the mistakes which they might commit, or the promises which they might fail to keep and at the same time should not fail to ignore the productivity related problems. Too less supervision might adversely impact productivity (Park and Shaw 2013). The ego clashes at the workplace might make the office atmosphere unsuitable for work and hence it is advisable that two people who have opposing personalities should be made to work together after a certain level of understanding has been established. This can prevent problems at the workplace. The stress at the workplace is another severe issue. While several employees work under pressure, some employees cannot perform well. In case of such aggressive environments the employees should be given the required space (Jiang et al. 2012). Lack of clarity of roles and accountability of jobs might cause the employees to get confused regarding their job roles and their relationship with the members of their team might also get hampered. The lack of clarity might lead to situations where everyone gets blamed for something wrong and everyone wants to take credit for anything done right (Wong and Laschinger 2013). The lack of transparency is another crucial reason for there being confusion among the employees. The proper pairing of team partners often goes a long way in ensuring a proper amount of productivity of the company. Wrong team members might sometimes cause low productivity due to problems and confusion (Conway and Coyle?Shapiro 2012). Human behaviour is the most critical element of organisational performance and productivity. The desirable human behaviour is crucial for the success of the organisation. The individuals in managerial positions should understand the importance of individual needs and values, goals and expectations within an organisation (Wood et al 2016). The managers of an organisation should understand and motivate the employees so that their performance benefits the organisation as a whole (Pinder 2014). It is natural for employees of different cultures, societal norms, social backgrounds and customs to work together in an organisation. It then becomes the duties of the managers to make sure that no distinction is made on the basis of caste, creed or another other characteristic. The people should be provided an environment of work where they enjoy and have a zeal of coming to work. All the diversity should be set aside and the company needs to be managed efficiently. In such situations the compan y can attain productivity levels required and emerge a global dominant in their respective field. References: Carter, M.Z., Armenakis, A.A., Feild, H.S. and Mossholder, K.W., 2013. Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organizational change.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(7), pp.942-958. Conway, N. and Coyle?Shapiro, J.A.M., 2012. The reciprocal relationship between psychological contract fulfilment and employee performance and the moderating role of perceived organizational support and tenure.Journal of occupational and Organizational Psychology,85(2), pp.277-299. j Mullins, L. and Christy, G., 2013.Management Organisational Behaviour. Pearson Education. Jiang, K., Liu, D., McKay, P.F., Lee, T.W. and Mitchell, T.R., 2012. When and how is job embeddedness predictive of turnover? A meta-analytic investigation. Kitchin, D., 2017.An introduction to organisational behaviour for managers and engineers: A group and multicultural approach. Routledge. Park, T.Y. and Shaw, J.D., 2013. Turnover rates and organizational performance: a meta-analysis. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Schreurs, B.H., Hetty van Emmerik, I.J., Gnter, H. and Germeys, F., 2012. A weekly diary study on the buffering role of social support in the relationship between job insecurity and employee performance.Human Resource Management,51(2), pp.259-279. Truss, C., Shantz, A., Soane, E., Alfes, K. and Delbridge, R., 2013. Employee engagement, organisational performance and individual well-being: exploring the evidence, developing the theory. Van De Voorde, K., Paauwe, J. and Van Veldhoven, M., 2012. Employee well?being and the HRMorganizational performance relationship: a review of quantitative studies.International Journal of Management Reviews,14(4), pp.391-407. Wong, C.A. and Laschinger, H.K., 2013. Authentic leadership, performance, and job satisfaction: the mediating role of empowerment.Journal of advanced nursing,69(4), pp.947-959. Wood, J.M., Zeffane, R.M., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Morrison, R., Factor, A., McKeown, T., Schermerhorn, J.R., Hunt, J.G. and Osborn, R.N., 2016.Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd.. Yozgat, U., Yurtkoru, S. and Bilgino?lu, E., 2013. Job stress and job performance among employees in public sector in Istanbul: examining the moderating role of emotional intelligence.Procedia-Social and behavioral sciences,75, pp.518-524.l

Why Am I in College free essay sample

There are several reasons why I am currently attending college. In my opinion, education is always an important topic in any society because it determines our future and helps us to achieve our goals. Above all, my main reasons for being In school would have to be to increase my knowledge, attain personal gratification for myself and to provide a brighter future for my family. To begin with, Im attending school to Increase my knowledge and understanding In the field of nursing. I foresee myself working with cancer patients on an oncology nit.I plan on having the hands on training as well as the knowledge I will need to pursue my field of Interest. Once I have attained these skills, I will be ready to go out Into the world and begin my nursing career. Besides having the skills I need to pursue my career, I also have a personal reason for doing so. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Am I in College? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My father passed away with cancer a year after I graduated high school. While In the hospital receiving treatments he was surrounded by a wonderful staff of oncology nurses. These nurses not only adore their jobs, but the patients they took care of as well.I eve always admired the loving empathy they had for my father while he was hospitalized, but also for the compassion they had for their careers. I believe this wonderful staff of nurses not only steered me in the direction of nursing, but also helped me to decide which career path I wanted to embark on. Furthermore, my most important reason for attending college is to be able to provide for my family. Nursing will open many new doors for me in life. I will be able to work flexible hours so that I will be able to spend more quality time with my children and have a more stable should.This career will provide a rewarding Income and help me begin a future of unlimited possibilities for myself and my family. Therefore, I believe being a future graduate will create a positive atmosphere to help me become a better role model for my children, help form a solid foundation for my career and further my education to Improve myself and the goals I Intend to achieve. Future and helps us to achieve our goals. Above all, my main reasons for being in To begin with, Im attending school to increase my knowledge and understanding in the field of nursing. I foresee myself working with cancer patients on an oncology pursue my field of interest. Once I have attained these skills, I will be ready to go out into the world and begin my nursing career. Besides having the skills I need to away with cancer a year after I graduated high school. While in the These nurses not only adore their Jobs, but the patients they took care of as well. I household. This career will provide a rewarding income and help me begin a Therefore, I believe being a future graduate will create a positive atmosphere and further my education to improve myself and the goals I intend to achieve.